Atlas of electrochemical equilibria in aqueous solutions: The legacy of Marcel Pourbaix and his pH d

BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) thin films and powders were processed below 100C by hydrolyzing Ti metal-organic precursors and TiO2 powder in alkaline Ba/Sr containing aqueous solutions. Film and powder stoichiometries were examined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), and powder stoichiometries were measured by wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS). Both XRD and WDS results showed that Sr cations were more readily incorporated in BST than Ba cations. A thermodynamic model is introduced to predict BST stoichiometry for pH and solution composition. The model is demonstrated for carbonates that also form hydrothermally with Ba and Sr in solid solution, showing good agreement with experimentally measured stoichiometries and confirming a higher reactivity of the Sr cation.

atlas of electrochemical equilibria in aqueous solutions

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